haemolytica infection and disease can be achieved by three means: first, by prophylactic administration of antimicrobials to animals at high risk of contracting the disease second, by increasing the immunity of the host by ensuring adequate passive transfer and treatment with vaccines against M. Shipping fever is economically a very significant disease of cattle resulting in approximately 30 % of all cattle death globally and in the US alone causes an annual economic loss of 1 billion US $ (Griffin, 1997). In the US, the economic losses due to shipping fever pneumonia surpass the combined cost of all other diseases of cattle (Highlander, 2001). A morbidity rate of 15- 45 % and a mortality rate of 1-5% rising to 10% depending on the speed with which treatment is initiated, has been described in most reports of shipping fever (Jubb et al., 2007). haemolytica has been isolated worldwide, the prevalence of the disease strongly correlates with Western animal management practices that include overcrowding and transport (Highlander, 2001). haemolytica is a common opportunistic agent in the nasopharynx of cattle, sheep and goats, which can infect animals with a weakened pulmonary defence and colonize the lungs rapidly (Rhemtulla and Thomson, 1981). haemolytica includes serotypes 1, 2, 5-9, 12-14, 16 and 17 of the former P. Although the bacterium has been well known for a long time, its taxonomic position was clarified only a few years 32 ago. haemolytica has recently been reclassified. haemolytica, and the pathogenesis, pathology, prevention and control of diseases caused by it with respect to the bovine, ovine and caprine species. The aim of this work was to summarise the characteristics of the bacterium M.
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